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11vs118

وَلَوْ شَاء رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلاَ يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ

Walaw shaa rabbuka lajaAAala alnnasa ommatan wahidatan wala yazaloona mukhtalifeena

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Yoruba Translation

Hausa Translation

Kuma dã Ubangijinka Ya so, dã Yã sanya mutãne al´umma guda. Kuma bã zã su gushe ba sunã mãsu sãɓã wa jũna.

If thy Lord had so willed, He could have made mankind one people: but they will not cease to dispute.
And if your Lord had pleased He would certainly have made people a single nation, and they shall continue to differ.
And if thy Lord had willed, He verily would have made mankind one nation, yet they cease not differing,

Asbabu n-Nuzuul (Occasions of Revelation)

Allah has not made Faith universally accepted

Allah says;

وَلَوْ شَاء رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً ...

And if your Lord had so willed, He could surely have made mankind one Ummah, but they will not cease to disagree.

Allah, the Exalted, informs that He is able to make all of mankind one nation upon belief, or disbelief.

This is just as He said,

وَلَوْ شَآءَ رَبُّكَ لآمَنَ مَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ كُلُّهُمْ جَمِيعًا

And had your Lord willed, those on earth would have believed, all of them together. (10:99)

Allah goes on to say,

... وَلاَ يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ ﴿١١٨﴾

إِلاَّ مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ ...

but they will not cease to disagree. Except him on whom your Lord has bestowed His mercy,

This means that people will always differ in religions, creeds, beliefs, opinions and sects.

Concerning Allah's statement, إِلاَّ مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ (Except him on whom your Lord has bestowed His mercy),

This means that those who have received the mercy of Allah by following the Messengers are excluded from this. They are those who adhere to what they are commanded in the religion by the Messengers of Allah.

That has always been their characteristic until the coming of the finality of the Prophets and Messengers (Muhammad). Those who received Allah's mercy are those who followed him, believed in him and supported him. Therefore, they succeeded by achieving happiness in this life and the Hereafter.

... وَلِذَلِكَ خَلَقَهُمْ ...

and for that did He create them.

They are the Saved Sect mentioned in the Hadith recorded in the Musnad and Sunan collections of Hadith. The routes of transmission of this Hadith all strengthen each other (in authenticity). In these narrations the Prophet said,

إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ افْتَرَقَتْ عَلَى إِحْدَى وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، وَإِنَّ النَّصَارَى افْتَرَقَتْ عَلَى اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، وَسَتَفْتَرِقُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، كُلُّهَا فِي النَّارِ إِلَّا فِرْقَةً وَاحِدَة

Verily, the Jews split into seventy-one sects, and the Christians split into seventy-two sects, and this nation (of Muslims) will split into seventy-three sects. All of them will be in the Fire except one sect.

They (the Companions) said, "Who are they (the Saved Sect) O Messenger of Allah!''

He said,

مَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ وَأَصْحَابِي

The sect that is upon what my Companions and I are upon.

Al-Hakim recorded this narration in his Mustadrak with this additional wording.

Concerning Allah's statement,

... وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لأَمْلأنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ﴿١١٩﴾

And the Word of your Lord has been fulfilled (His saying): "Surely, I shall fill Hell with Jinn and men all together.''

Allah, the Exalted, informs that He precedes everything in His preordainment and decree, by His perfect knowledge and penetrating wisdom. The result of this decree is that from those whom He has created, some deserve the Paradise and some deserve the Hell Fire. From this decree is that He will fill the Hellfire with both mankind and Jinns. His is the profound evidence and the perfect wisdom.

In the Two Sahihs it is recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,

اخْتَصَمَتِ الْجَنَّةُ وَالنَّارُ فَقَالَتِ الْجَنَّةُ: مَا لِي لَا يَدْخُلُنِي إِلَّا ضُعَفَاءُ النَّاسِ وَسَقَطُهُمْ

Paradise and the Hellfire debated. Paradise said, `None will enter me except the weak and despised of the people.'

وَقَالَتِ النَّارُ: أُوثِرْتُ بِالْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ وَالْمُتَجَبِّرِينَ.

The Hell- fire said, `I have inherited the haughty and the arrogant people.'

فَقَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلْجَنَّةِ: أَنْتِ رَحْمَتِي أَرْحَمُ بِكِ مَنْ أَشَاءُ،

Then Allah said to the Paradise, `You are My mercy and I grant mercy with you to whoever I wish.'

وَقَالَ لِلنَّارِ: أَنْتِ عَذَابِي أَنْتَقِمُ بِكِ مِمَّنْ أَشَاءُ،

Then He said to the Hellfire, `You are My torment and I take vengeance with you upon whoever I wish.

وَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْكُمَا مِلْؤُهَا،

I will fill each one of you.'

فَأَمَّا الْجَنَّةُ فَلَا يَزَالُ فِيهَا فَضْلٌ، حَتَّى يُنْشِىءَ اللهُ لَهَا خَلْقًا يُسْكِنُ فَضْلَ الْجَنَّةِ،

However, the Paradise will always have more bounties, to such an extent that Allah will create more creatures to dwell in it and enjoy its extra bounties.

وَأَمَّا النَّارُ فَلَا تَزَالُ تَقُولُ: هَلْ مِنْ مَزِيدٍ حَتَّى يَضَعَ عَلَيْهَا رَبُّ الْعِزَّةِ قَدَمَهُ

The Hellfire will continue saying, `Are there anymore (to enter me),' until the Lord of might places His Foot over it.

فَتَقُولُ: قَطْ قَطْ وَعِزَّتِك

Then it (Hell) will say, "Enough, enough, by Your might!''

يخبر تعالى أنه قادر على جعل الناس كلهم أمة واحدة من إيمان أو كفر كما قال تعالى" ولو شاء ربك لآمن من في الأرض كلهم جميعا" وقوله " ولا يزالون مختلفين إلا من رحم ربك" أي ولا يزال الخلف بين الناس في أديانهم واعتقادات مللهم ونحلهم ومذاهبهم وآرائهم وقال عكرمة : مختلفين في الهدى . وقال الحسن البصري : مختلفين في الرزق يسخر بعضهم بعضا . والمشهور الصحيح الأول .

"ولو شاء ربك لجعل الناس أمة واحدة" أهل دين واحد "ولا يزالون مختلفين" فيالدين

قال سعيد بن جبير : على ملة الإسلام وحدها . وقال الضحاك : أهل دين واحد , أهل ضلالة أو أهل هدى .

I'raab - grammatical analysis of the Qur'an

«وَلَوْ» الواو استئنافية ولو حرف شرط غير جازم.
«شاءَ رَبُّكَ» ماض وفاعله والكاف مضاف إليه والجملة لا محل لها.
«لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ» اللام واقعة في جواب لو وماض ومفعوله الأول وفاعله مستتر والجملة لا محل لها لأنها جواب شرط غير جازم.
«أُمَّةً» مفعول به ثان.
«واحِدَةً» صفة.
«وَلا يَزالُونَ» الواو عاطفة ومضارع ناقص والواو اسمها.
«مُخْتَلِفِينَ» خبر منصوب بالياء لأنه جمع مذكر سالم والجملة معطوفة.

10vs99

وَلَوْ شَاء رَبُّكَ لآمَنَ مَن فِي الأَرْضِ كُلُّهُمْ جَمِيعاً أَفَأَنتَ تُكْرِهُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَكُونُواْ مُؤْمِنِينَ

6vs112

وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَا لِكُلِّ نِبِيٍّ عَدُوّاً شَيَاطِينَ الإِنسِ وَالْجِنِّ يُوحِي بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ زُخْرُفَ الْقَوْلِ غُرُوراً وَلَوْ شَاء رَبُّكَ مَا فَعَلُوهُ فَذَرْهُمْ وَمَا يَفْتَرُونَ
,

10vs99

وَلَوْ شَاء رَبُّكَ لآمَنَ مَن فِي الأَرْضِ كُلُّهُمْ جَمِيعاً أَفَأَنتَ تُكْرِهُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَكُونُواْ مُؤْمِنِينَ