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سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

Sabbaha lillahi ma fee alssamawati wama fee alardi wahuwa alAAazeezu alhakeemu

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Yoruba Translation

Hausa Translation

Abin da ke cikin sammai da abin da ke cikin ƙasã ya yi tasbihi ga Allah, alhãli kuwa, Shĩ ne Mabuwãyi, Mai hikima.

Whatever is in the heavens and on earth, let it declare the Praises and Glory of Allah: for He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth declares the glory of Allah, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.
All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allah, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.

Asbabu n-Nuzuul (Occasions of Revelation)

(All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allahナ Allah is Able to do all things) [59:1-6]. The commentators of the Quran said: モThis verse was revealed about Banul-Nadir. When the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, moved to Medina, they signed a treaty with him in which they agreed no fight against him or with him and the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, consented.
Then when the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, defeated the idolaters at Badr, Banul-Nadir said: By Allah, he is the Prophet whose description we find in the Torah; he will not be defeated. However, when the Muslims were defeated at Uhud, they broke their pledge and showed enmity toward the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and Muslims. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, surrounded them and then they signed a settlement treaty in which it was agreed that they leave Medinaヤ. Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Farisi informed us> Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl al-Tajir> Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Hafiz> Muhammad ibn Yahya> Abd al-Razzaq> Mamar> al-Zuhri> Ibn Kab ibn Malik> one of the Companions of the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, who related that the unbelievers of Quraysh wrote the following to the Jews after the Battle of Badr: モYou are people of armaments and fortresses. Verily, you either fight our man or we shall do this and that, such that nothing will prevent us from the bracelets on your womens ankletsヤ.
When their letter reached the Jews, the Banul-Nadir were unanimously in favour of treason. They sent to
the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, saying: モCome with thirty of your men and we will send
thirty of our men. Let us meet in a location halfway between you and us so that our men hear you and if
they believe in you, we will all believe in youヤ. However, when they reached a certain location, some Jews said: モHow are you going to get to him when he has with him thirty of his Companions who all desire to die before him? Send to him and say: How are we going to understand [what you are going to say to us] when there are sixty of us? Come along with three of your Companions and three of our scholars will meet you.
If they believe in you, we will all believe in you and follow. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, proceeded with three of his Companions. On the other side, three Jews proceeded armed with knives, intending to kill the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace. A sincere woman advisor from Banul-Nadir sent a message to her brother, a Muslim from the Helpers, informing him of the treachery which the Banul-Nadir were planning against the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace.
Her brother hurriedly set off to see the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace. He caught up with him and informed him of the plan, and so the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, went back. The following day, he sent troops to them. He besieged their fortress and fought them until they agreed to move out of Medina, carrying with them anything their camels could carry, except for armaments. They proceeded to destroy their own houses and take whatever wood they could take with them. Allah, exalted is He, therefore, revealed (All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allahナ Allah is Able to do all things)ヤ.
(Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut downナ) [59:5]. When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, headed toward Banul-Nadir and they took refuge in their fortresses, he ordered the cutting down and burning of their palm-trees. The enemies of Allah were alarmed. They said: モYou claim, O Muhammad, that you seek goodness, is there any goodness in damaging productive trees and cutting down palm-trees?ヤ They also said to him: モIs corruption in the earth part of what you claim has been revealed to you?ヤ The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, was distressed upon hearing this, and the Muslims were affected and feared that this may be an act of corruption. And they disagreed amongst themselves.
Some said: モDo not cut the palm-trees down for it is part of what Allah has given us as spoilsヤ. Others said: モWe should rather cut them down!ヤ And so Allah, glorified and exalted is He, revealed (Whatsoever palmtrees ye cut downナ) confirming the opinion of those who warned against cutting the palm-trees down and, at the same time, stating the lawfulness of cutting them down. He informed that the cutting down of trees or leaving them standing is only by the leave of Allah, exalted is He. Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Muzakki informed us> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Thaqafi> Qutaybah> al-Layth ibn Sad> Nafi> Ibn Umar who related that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, burnt and cut down the palm-trees of Banul-Nadir which were at al-Buwayrah. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allahs leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers).
This was narrated by Bukhari and Muslim from Qutaybah. Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith informed us> Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Jafar> Abu Yahya al-Razi> Sahl ibn Uthman> Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak> Musa ibn Uqbah> Nafi> Ibn Umar who related that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, burnt and cut down the palm-trees of Banul-Nadir at al-Buwayrah, and it is about this that Hassan said: The trees of Banu Luayy were deemed unworthy In front of the raging fire at al-Buwayrah.
It is also about this that this verse (Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allahs leaveナ). This was narrated by Muslim> Said ibn Mansur> Ibn al-Mubarak. Abu Bakr informed us> Abd Allah> Salm ibn Isam> Rustah> Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi> Muhammad ibn Maymun ibn al-Tammar> Jurmuz> Hatim al-Najjar> Ikrimah> Ibn Abbas who said: モA Jew came to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: I will stand up and pray, The Prophet said to him: Allah has decreed for you that you pray.
The man said: I will sit down, and the Prophet said to him: Allah has decreed for you that you sit down. The Jew said: I will proceed to this tree and cut it down, and the Prophet said: Allah has decreed for you that you cut it down. Gabriel, peace be upon him, then came and said: O Muhammad, you have been taught your proof just as Abraham, peace be upon him, was taught it.
And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allahs leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers), i.e. the Jewsヤ.

Everything glorifies Allah in its own Way

Allah states that

سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ...

Whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth glorifies Allah.

Allah states that everything that exists in the heavens and on the earth praises, glorifies, reveres and prays to Him and affirms His Oneness.

Allah said in another Ayah,

تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَـوَتُ السَّبْعُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ وَإِن مِّن شَىْءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدَهِ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ

The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise. But you understand not their glorification. (17:44)

Allah's statement,

... وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ ...

And He is the Almighty, (meaning of invincible majesty),

... الْحَكِيمُ ﴿١﴾

the All-Wise. (in what He decrees and legislates). The End that Bani An-Nadir suffered

Allah said,

هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ...

He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture,

referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani An-Nadir, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Az-Zuhri and several others.

When the Messenger of Allah migrated to Al-Madinah, he made a peace treaty with the Jews stipulating that he would not fight them and they would not fight him. They soon betrayed the treaty that they made with Allah's Messenger. Therefore, Allah sent His torment down on them; it can never be averted, and His appointed destiny touched them; it can never be resisted.

The Prophet forced them to evacuate and abandon their fortified forts that Muslims did not think they would ever control. The Jews thought that their fortifications will save them from Allah's torment, but they did not help them against Allah in the least. Then, that which they did not expect came to them from Allah, and Allah's Messenger forced them to leave Al-Madinah.

Some of them went to Adhri`at in the area of Ash-Sham, which is the area of the grand Gathering and Resurrection, while others went to Khyber. The Prophet allowed them to evacuate their forts and take whatever their camels could carry. They destroyed the property that they could not carry. This is why Allah the Exalted said,

يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ...

they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers Then take admonition, O you with eyes.

meaning, "Contemplate the end of those who defied Allah's command, contradicted His Messenger and denied His Book. See how Allah's humiliating torment struck them in this life, as well as, the painful torment that Allah has reserved for them in the Hereafter.''

Abu Dawud recorded that Abdur-Rahman bin Ka`b bin Malik said that one of the Prophet's Companions said,

"The Quraysh idolators wrote to Abdullah bin Ubayy and those who were still worshipping idols among the tribes of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj. The Messenger of Allah was in Al-Madinah at the time, before the battle of Badr occurred. They wrote:

`You have given refuge to our citizen. We swear by Allah, you should fight him, or we will expel you or gather all our forces, until we kill your soldiers and take your women captive.'

When the news of this threat reached Abdullah bin Ubayy and the idolators of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj, they prepared to fight the Prophet. The news of this reached the Prophet and he went to them saying,

لَقَدْ بَلَغَ وَعِيدُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَبَالِغَ، مَا كَانَتْ تَكِيدُكُمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تُرِيدُ أَن تَكِيدُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ، تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُم

The threat of the Quraysh has caused you extreme anxiety! The Quraysh cannot cause you more harm than what you will cause yourselves by your actions. Do you want to fight your children and brethren?

When they heard these words from the Prophet, they dispersed and the news of what happened reached the Quraysh idolators.

After the battle of Badr, the Quraysh idolators wrote to the Jews of Al-Madinah,

`You have armor and forts! You should fight our citizen or we will do such and such to you, and nothing will prevent us from acquiring your women.'

The news of this letter also reached the Prophet and Bani An-Nadir intended to betray their treaty.

Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Prophet asking him to come with thirty of his Companions to meet thirty of their rabbis half way, from either side. They said that the rabbis would listen to the Prophet and if they believe in him, the rest of Bani An-Nadir would believe.

They intended to kill the Messenger, and Allah informed His Messenger of this plot before they could harm him. The next day, the Prophet gathered his forces and laid siege to their area, saying to them,

إِنَّكُمْ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونَنِي عَلَيْه

By Allah! You will not be safe until and unless you renew your peace treaty with me.

They refused to do so, and the Prophet fought them the rest of that day. The next morning, the Prophet laid siege to the tribe of Bani Qurayzah and left Bani An-Nadir alone that day.

The Prophet ordered Bani Qurayzah to sign a new treaty of peace, and they accepted.

The Prophet left Bani Qurayzah and went back to Bani An-Nadir with his forces and fought them until they agreed to surrender in return for safe passage out of Al-Madinah. Bani An-Nadir evacuated Al-Madinah and took with them all whatever their camels could carry from their furniture, including even the wood and the doors to their houses.

The date trees of Bani An-Nadir were granted to the Messenger by Allah when He said,

... وَمَا أَفَاء اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ ...

And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from them -- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry. (59:6)

that is, what you earned without a fight. The Prophet divided most of their trees between the emigrants and gave to only two men who were poor from Al-Ansar. He did not give the Ansar any of it, except for these two men. The Prophet kept a part of the war booty for himself and that part of charity of the Prophet was transferred to the administration of his daughter's children, i.e., children of Fatima.''

However, let us summarize the battle of Bani An-Nadir here. From Allah alone we seek help.

The Reason behind the Battle of Bani An-Nadir

After the seventy Companions whom the Prophet sent to teach the Qur'an were killed at the area of Bi'r Ma`unah, excluding `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri, who killed two men from the tribe of Bani `Amir on his way back to Al-Madinah. He did not know that these two men had a promise of safe passage from Allah's Messenger. When he went back to Al-Madinah, he told the Prophet what happened and the Prophet said,

لَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ رَجُلَيْنِ لَأَدِيَنَّهُمَا

You have killed two men, I shall pay the blood money for them.

Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir were allies and had treaties. The Prophet asked Bani An-Nadir to help pay the blood money for the two dead men.

The area of Bani An-Nadir was in a suburb of Al-Madinah, a few miles to the east. In his book of Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said;

"Then the Messenger of Allah went to Bani An-Nadir to ask them for financial help to pay the blood money of the two men from Bani `Amir, who were killed by `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri. They had a promise of safe passage from the Prophet according to the (sub narrator) Yazid bin Ruman. Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir had a treaty and were allies.

When Allah's Messenger went to Bani An-Nadir asking them for help to pay the blood money for the two men, they said, `

Yes, O Abu Al-Qasim! We will help you, since you asked us for help.'

Yet, when they met each other in secret, they said, `You will not find a better chance with this man than this,' while the Messenger of Allah was sitting next to a wall of one of their houses.

They said, `Who will ascend this wall and drop a stone on this man and rid us of his trouble'

`Amr bin Jihash bin Ka`b volunteered and ascended the wall of the house to drop a stone on the Messenger.

The Messenger of Allah was sitting with several of his Companions, such as Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Ali. The news of this plot was conveyed to the Prophet from heaven, and he stood up and went back to Al-Madinah.

When the Companions thought that the Messenger was absent for a long time, they went to see where he was and saw a man coming from Al-Madinah. They asked him, and he said that he saw the Prophet enter Al-Madinah. The Messenger's Companions went to him, and he told them the news of the betraying plot that the Jews planned against him. He ordered them to prepare for war and to march forth to Bani An-Nadir.

The Prophet gathered his forces and marched to the area of Bani An-Nadir, who had taken refuge in their fortified forts. The Messenger ordered their date trees be cut down and burned. The Jews heralded at the Prophet,

`O Muhammad! You used to forbid mischief in the earth and blame those who did it. Why is it that you had the date trees cut down and burned'

Meanwhile, Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, Wadi`ah, Malik bin Abi Qawqal, Suwayd, Da`is and several other men who all belonged to the tribe of Al-Khazraj bin Bani `Awf, sent a message to Bani An-Nadir saying,

`Be firm and strong. We will never abandon you. If you are fought against, we will fight along with you and if you are forced to leave Al-Madinah, we will accompany you.'

The Jews waited for this claim of support, but the hypocrites did not deliver. Allah cast terror in the hearts of the Jews. They asked the Messenger to allow them safe passage out of Al-Madinah and to spare their lives. In return, they would only take what their camels could carry, except for weapons.

The Prophet agreed. The Jews collected all the wealth their camels could transport. One of the Jews would demolish his own house around its door, so that he could carry the door on the back of his camel. Bani An-Nadir moved to Khyber, and some of them went to Ash-Sham.

They left all that remained behind for the Messenger of Allah, who had control over how it was to be divided. The Prophet divided it between the emigrants and none of Al-Ansar got a share, except for Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujanah Simak bin Kharashah. They said that they were poor and the Messenger of Allah gave them their share.

Only two men from Bani An-Nadir embraced Islam, Yamin bin Umayr bin Ka`b bin `Amr bin Jihash and Abu Sa`d bin Wahb and they saved their wealth due to their acceptance of Islam.''

Ibn Ishaq continued,

"Some of the offspring of Yamin narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah said to Yamin,

أَلَمْ تَرَ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنَ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ وَمَا هَمَّ بِهِ مِنْ شَأْنِي؟

Have you not heard what your cousin plotted to do against me?

Yamin bin `Umayr promised someone a reward if he killed his cousin `Amr bin Jihash, and someone killed him, according to their claim''

Ibn Ishaq then said,

"All of Surah Al-Hashr was revealed about Bani An-Nadir. ''

A similar story was recorded by Yunus bin Bukayr from Ibn Ishaq.

Ibn Abbas used to call this chapter, `Surah Bani An-Nadir.'

Sa`id bin Mansur recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said,

"I asked Ibn Abbas about Surah Al-Hashr and he said, It was revealed about Bani An-Nadir.'''

Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it using another chain of narration from Ibn Abbas.

Al-Bukhari also recorded it from Abu `Awanah, from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, who said,

"I asked Ibn Abbas, `Surah Al-Hashr'

He said, `Surah Bani An-Nadir.'''

سورة الحشر : " وكان ابن عباس يقول : سورة بني النضير " قال سعيد بن منصور حدثنا هشيم عن أبي بشر عن سعيد بن جبير قال : قلت لابن عباس سورة الحشر ؟ قال أنزلت في بني النضير ورواه البخاري ومسلم من وجه آخر عن هشيم به ورواه البخاري من حديث أبي عوانة عن أبي بشر عن سعيد بن جبير قال : قلت لابن عباس سورة الحشر ؟ قال سورة بنى النضير . وقوله تعالى " سبح لله ما في السموات وما في الأرض " يخبر تعالى أن جميع ما في السموات وما في الأرض من شيء يسبح له ويمجده ويقدسه ويصلي له ويوحده كقوله تعالى " تسبح له السموات السبع والأرض ومن فيهن وإن من شيء إلا يسبح بحمده ولكن لا تفقهون تسبيحهم " وقوله تعالى" وهو العزيز " أي منيع الجناب " الحكيم " في قدره وشرعه .

سورة الحشر [ مدنية وآياتها أربع وعشرون ] "سبح لله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض" أي نزهه فاللام مزيدة وفي الإتيان بما تغليب للأكثر "وهو العزيز الحكيم" في ملكه وصنعه

روى ابن عباس أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : ( من قرأ سورة الحشر لم يبق شيء من الجنة والنار والعرش والكرسي والسموات والأرض والهوام والريح والسحاب والطير والدواب والشجر والجبال والشمس والقمر والملائكة إلا صلوا عليه واستغفروا له . فإن مات من يومه أو ليلته مات شهيدا ) . خرجه الثعلبي . وخرج الثعالبي عن يزيد الرقاشي عن أنس أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : ( من قرأ آخر سورة الحشر " لو أنزلنا هذا القرآن على جبل " [ الحشر : 21 ] - إلى آخرها - فمات من ليلته مات شهيدا ) . وروى الترمذي عن معقل بن يسار قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( من قال حين يصبح ثلاث مرات أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم وقرأ ثلاث آيات من آخر سورة الحشر وكل الله به سبعين ألف ملك يصلون عليه حتى يمسي وإن مات في يومه مات شهيدا ومن قرأها حين يمسي فكذلك ) . قال : حديث حسن غريب . " سبح لله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض " أي مجد الله ونزهه عن السوء . وقال ابن عباس : صلى لله " ما في السموات " ممن خلق من الملائكة " والأرض " من شيء فيه روح أو لا روح فيه . وقيل : هو تسبيح الدلالة . وأنكر الزجاج هذا وقال : لو كان هذا تسبيح الدلالة وظهور آثار الصنعة لكانت مفهومة , فلم قال : " ولكن لا تفقهون تسبيحهم " [ الإسراء : 44 ] وإنما هو تسبيح مقال . واستدل بقوله تعالى : " وسخرنا مع داود الجبال يسبحن " [ الأنبياء : 79 ] فلو كان هذا تسبيح دلالة فأي تخصيص لداود ؟ ! قلت : وما ذكره هو الصحيح , وقد مضى بيانه والقول فيه في " الإسراء " عند قوله تعالى : " وإن من شيء إلا يسبح بحمده " [ الإسراء : 44 ]

I'raab - grammatical analysis of the Qur'an

«سَبَّحَ» ماض «لِلَّهِ» متعلقان به «ما» فاعل «فِي السَّماواتِ» متعلقان بمحذوف صلة الموصول «وَما فِي الْأَرْضِ» معطوف على ما قبله والجملة ابتدائية لا محل لها «وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ» مبتدأ وخبراه والجملة حالية.

17vs44

تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَاوَاتُ السَّبْعُ وَالأَرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ وَإِن مِّن شَيْءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدَهِ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيماً غَفُوراً

57vs1

سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ